Geoff Davis computer AI digital text & art
Organising my outputs
Now my new book AI Creative Writing Anthology (Goodreads link) is out, I will add any interesting news in blog posts.
BBC News – Friend or foe: Can computer coders trust ChatGPT?
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-65086798
OpenAI may have to halt ChatGPT releases following FTC complaint
A nonprofit claims OpenAI is breaking the law with a ‘biased, deceptive’ AI model.
Includes NLP and text generation techniques.
October 2021, updated ocasionally – last Nov 2022
After The Deadline
https://www.afterthedeadline.com/
“We use artificial intelligence and natural language processing technology to find your writing errors and offer smart suggestions. Our technology is available under the GNU General Public License. ”
AI Writer
http://ai-writer.com/
“Generate unique text with the ai article writer”
Anyword
“Generate effective copy for ads, emails, landing pages, and content. ”
Articoolo
http://articoolo.com/
“Create unique textual content in a flash”
Autocrit
“The best self-editing platform available for a writer. ”
AX Semantics from Gartner
Increase Your Online Sales With Better Automated Content Writing
Our easy-to-use Natural Language Generation software helps you and your team
Conversion AI
https://www.conversion.ai/
“Your AI copywriting assistant. Now Jarvis can help you write blog articles, social media posts, sales letters, and even books. ”
Copyshark
https://www.copyshark.ai/
“AI powered software that generates ad copy, product descriptions, sales copy, blog paragraphs, video scripts & more.”
Copysmith
https://app.copysmith.ai/
“Supercharge Your Content Brainstorming with AI. ”
Broca
https://www.usebroca.com/
“Create content for every stage of your marketing funnel. Start your first campaign free. Broca generates content for ads, blogs, email, social media, and more using AI. ”
Essaybot
https://www.essaybot.com/
“EssayBot is your personal AI writing tool. With your essay title, EssayBot suggests most relevant contents. It paraphrases for you to erase plagiarism concerns”
Explain Paper
Upload a paper, highlight confusing text, get an explanation. A better way to read academic papers.
https://www.explainpaper.com/
FloWrite
https://www.flowrite.com/
“Flowrite turns words into ready-to-send emails, messages, and posts in your personal style”
Galactica (from Meta – now offline)
https://galactica.org/
“Researchers are buried under a mass of papers, increasingly unable to distinguish between the meaningful and the inconsequential.”
This has been taken offline after three days as it produced too much false information, which is acceptable with normal language production as it can be easily spotted and edited, but not science, where people don’t know the topics, and can’t tell randomly generated science waffle from actual scientific results.
Gavagai Explorer
“Optimize customer perception, boost operational excellence,
manage brand reputation, and detect potential crisis instantly. ”
GenerateAI
https://www.scalenut.com/generate
“With fast, easy, and effective content generation, artificial intelligence is here to take away writing blues”
GoCopy
https://gocopy.io/
“Make writing easier. Team up with our AI-powered writing assisitant”
Grammarly Business
https://www.grammarly.com/
“Professional Communication For Your Team
With Grammarly Business, every member of your team can compose credible, mistake-free writing that makes your business look good.”
Granthika (not AI)
https://granthika.co/
“The writing super-app built by writers.”
Headlime
https://headlime.com/
“Writing copy is time-consuming and difficult. Headlime’s artificial intelligence can take your thoughts and turn them into words, saving you tons of time so you can focus on what matters: your business”
Hemingway App
https://hemingwayapp.com/
“Makes your writing bold and clear.”
Hypotenuse AI
https://www.hypotenuse.ai/
“AI Generated Product Descriptions. Automatically generate copywriting for your e-commerce website in seconds. ”
iAwriter
From Linus Lee.
See Merlot.
A focused environment where you can write freely. Now with lasers.
(iA is information architecrure.)
Ink For All
“Explore over 40 AI writing tools for short form content, ads, email, product, startups and more. ”
https://inkforall.com/writing-tools
Jarvis AI
“Artificial intelligence makes it fast & easy to create content for your blog, social media, website, and more!”
Jarvis has been renamed Jasper because it was the name of Tony Stark’s AI assistant in the Marvel movie Iron Man. Marvel sent a C&D to them. So hello…
Jasper AI
“Artificial intelligence makes it fast & easy to create content for your blog, social media, website, and more!”
Lightkey
https://www.lightkey.io/
“Write Smarter, with Confidence. Take your typing to the next level using Lightkey’s AI-powered text predictions in applications you use every day.”
manuscript.ai
The World’s fastest editing tool became 10x more faster after our latest update.
Merlot
From Linus Lee
See iAwriter
Merlot is a web-based writing app that supports Markdown. It replaces iA Writer
https://merlot.vercel.app/
Muse Creative Content Assistant (Muse CCA)
https://www.musecca.com/Welcome
“Create More. Work Less. 3 Easy Steps! ”
Neuroflash
“Your AI copywriting tool for more conversions with less work.”
NLPCloud
“Text understanding/generation (NLP), ready for production, at a fair price.
Fine-tune and deploy your own AI models. No DevOps required.” (Also has text to image using Stable Diffusion.)
NovelAI
“Driven by AI, construct unique stories, thrilling tales, seductive romances, or just fool around. Anything goes!”
Peppertype AI
https://www.peppertype.ai/
“Your Virtual Content Assistant. Generate better content copies in seconds with the power of Artificial Intelligence”
ProWritingAid (not AI)
“For the smarter writer.”
https://prowritingaid.com/
Sapling AI
https://sapling.ai/
“AI writing assistant for customer-facing teams”
Scrivener (not AI)
https://www.literatureandlatte.com/scrivener/
“Scrivener is the go-to app for writers of all kinds, used every day by best-selling novelists, screenwriters and non-fiction writers”
Story Software (includes Notes Story Board (not AI), Story Live AI (GPT-J), Story Lite) – from Geoff Davis (this blog author)
“The first and best 5 star story board text & images zooming notes app”
Story Live
“AI text generator and editor , with GPT-J Text Synth by Fabrice Bellard.”
https://storylive.com
Sudowrite
“Bust writer’s block and be more creative with our magical writing AI.”
https://www.sudowrite.com/
TextCortex
https://textcortex.com/
“Text Cortex uses its advanced AI to generate Product Descriptions, App Reviews, App Descriptions and many other marketing texts.”
Verse By Verse (poetry)
“Google’s New AI Helps You Write Poetry Like Poe”
https://sites.research.google/versebyverse/
Virtual Ghost Writer
“Writer’s block? Never stare at a blank screen again!”
https://virtualghostwriter.com/
Word AI
https://wordai.com/
“Automatically create human quality content with WordAi. WordAi uses artificial intelligence to understand text and is able to automatically rewrite your article with the same readability as a human writer”
Writesonic
https://writesonic.com/
“With Writesonic’s AI-powered writing tools, you can generate high-performing Ads, Blogs, Landing Pages, Product Descriptions, Ideas and more in seconds.”
Wordtune
https://www.wordtune.com/
“Your thoughts in words. Say exactly what you mean through clear, compelling and authentic writing.”
Writer! (Qordoba)
“AI writing, content intelligence, and AI writing assistants—these are the waystations for what will soon become just simply writing. Writing with the full breadth and depth of your objectives, audience, messaging, and brand at your fingertips.”
WritingAssistant
https://www.writing-assistant.com/
“The most powerful writing improvement software in the world. Powered by advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technology, WritingAssistant can assess and enhance your writing”
In August 2020 research (UAL, see credits) I examined what would happen if and when writers use a computer text generator to write articles, giving them only an image prompt. The idea was to only use professional or serious amateur writers.
Joy, Fear, Anger, Sadness – emotion charts are after this introduction.
Can text generation help the human writing process? What do actual writers (the study respondents) think of it all?
The research examines creative and ethical concerns around the use of advanced systems, and how they will (or already do) affect stakeholders, both professional writers and serious amateurs.
Here’s the prompt image:
The results are in but I am still writing it up. So I am now dropping a few things on this blog. These are not the final results as many qualifiers need to be added, statistical definitions, significance, etc. There are over 50 charts, which is why the report is taking a long time.
One question asked was whether they’d used a text generator before, someone replied ‘my unconscious’. 89% had never used a text generator before.
82 respondents from my own creativity writing app list (see below), and various professional bodies.
These are Occupation (type of writer eg, Student, Poet, Journalist etc. – see the left axis);
plotted against amount of Emotion (joy, anger etc.) in their written feedback to all the questions (summed, then scored using a sentiment analyser). (Amateur and Professional are not attached to the actual occupation, so they are on here too.)
Increased emotion values towards the right side of the chart. These plots show ranges so they only give a general visualisation.
Joy
So in the boxplot below, the most joy in responses came from Copywriters.
Perhaps they see a fantastic tool to very quickly make more copy.
Fear
The most fear in responses came from Poets and Fiction writers. Perhaps fear of losing their respect as creators of strange new worlds were no one has gone before. Or they see a fantastic tool to very quickly make them unemployed. Other and Scribbler also score on this emotion.
Anger
Would appear that Others and Scribblers are somewhat angry about something or other. More research needed! Poet and Fiction also score highly, one each here (a line).
Sadness
Perhaps poets know more sad words.
There’s lots more charts but that will do for today. The actual stats with significance, etc., are for future viewing.
One of the simple charts:
Time Average on Study by Occupation
Game writers had 2 outliers, one person was on it for hours. Perhaps text generation is familiar to games content writers as some games have generated scenarios. Or they have a lot of spare time – to play games.
(Possibly) confirms rumour that songs are written quickly, and that lyricists and poets have flashes of inspiration quickly recorded (and so do copywriters and scientists). Or they were in a hurry to get away…
Game and Songs, Lyrics were added by people within Other definition.
Next blog – the text generation itself.
In the experiment, people were advised to use the generator to make completed works. Several people put my name in the generator, so I became the protagonist in the stories. What!
Such as this Fiction entry:
“It was nice to hear from Geoff again. He is a reminder that life is like an ant’s journey on a blade of grass across a puddle. There is no other side to reach, because the ant is surrounded on all sides. Like an ant, like all of us, Geoff has strategies for paddling. One admires only the paddling, and not especially the termination of the journey. And perhaps that’s what should be the focus of our lives: the paddling. Not journey, not the conclusion, but the sheer determination of the paddling. With a surfer, this analogy would not work, but thinking about it, ants can’t surf.”
People used the OpenAI GPT-2 text generator in a two panel design. I’m releasing this setup as a free AI text editor soon. The generator version is Text Synth by Fabrice Bellard, who is very helpful.
University of the Arts London: my tutor at UAL CCI is Professor Mick Grierson. See Credits (new window). My app is Notes Story Board, an image and text zooming canvas.
Introduction
This blog is about my 2020 research into computer text generation and the effects on professional ands amateur writers. I am working on this topic at the University of the Arts London (UAL CCI, Dir. Mick Grierson).
No-one has asked creatives or writers what they think of the new ‘AI’ systems that generate readable text and so directly threaten their jobs, and could change the way people work forever (or don’t work forever). This is a topic that directly impinges on self-worth and financial worth in more ways than anyone can imagine, although plenty are worrying.
STUDY – ONLINE EXPERIMENT
August-October 2020
I devised an online experiment about this topic, allowing respondents to experiment with creating hybrid stories using a text generator. The people were all professional or serious amateurs (and a couple of small students) invited from my own creative writing software mailing list, a couple of writing forums, and a publisher’s writers’ forum, plus friends and relatives who generally use writing in their work. Credits are at the bottom.
Text generation
You might have heard of Google OpenAI’s GPT-2 and GPT-3. My experiment uses a generating system (Fabrice Bellard’s Text Synth, with permission) based on GPT-2, that anyone can use. GPT-2 was used here as the model works well for idea generation and is more generally available at the time than GPT-3, which is much larger.
Note: The text generation and editing system is now a free online tool (creativity support tool or CST) at
Story Live writing with AI free online
The experimental results will feed into this blog (see Index for different aspects) and later an academic paper, and also a new book for the general public on the whole subject of computers, creativity and writing.
Please sign up for news and notifications – there’s a form on this page.
Brief description of the Study
Below is a graphic of the entire online study. Each block is a page and journey was left to right from top to bottom. The three text generation and editing experiments used a similar set up to the Story Live tool.
Each writing experiment – Caption, News and Fiction – had a question afterwards, then there were more questions after the experiments (see diagram below). All this will be addressed in blogs here, along with other discussions.
The image writing prompt was the same for each experiment and for all respondents for uniformity (there is a blog on the man and dog here).
Geoff Davis
The computer support tool (CST) from this study is Story Live writing with AI free online
My other creativity tools are Notes Story Board and Story Lite from my Story Software. For my other activities please see the home page of this site.
Study
This study was devised and the site programmed by Geoff Davis for post-graduate research at University of London Creative Computing Institute UAL CCI 2020. The Supervisor is Professor Mick Grierson, Research Leader, UAL Creative Computing Institute.
Text Synth
Text Synth, by Fabrice Bellard, is a publicly available text generator, was used as this is the sort of system people might use outside of the study. It was also not practical to recreate (program, train, fine-tune, host) a large scale text generation system for this usability pre-study. Permission was granted to use Text Synth in the study by Fabrice Bellard Jul 7 2020.
Fabrice Bellard, coder of Text Synth.
Fabrice is an all-round genius and writes a lot of OS. Text Synth was built using the GPT-2 language model released by Google OpenAI. It is a neural network of 1.5 billion parameters based on the Transformer architecture.